| 翻訳と辞書 |
| War of the Reunions ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
War of the Reunions
The War of the Reunions (1683–84) was a short conflict between France and Spain and its allies. It was fueled by the long-running desire of Louis XIV to conquer new lands, many of them comprising part of the Spanish Netherlands, along France's northern and eastern borders. The war was, in some sense, a continuation of the territorial and dynastic aims of Louis XIV as manifested in the War of Devolution and the Franco–Dutch War.
==Background==
The treaties ending the War of Devolution (the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ())〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'' (Longman Press: Harlow, England, 1999) p. 109.〕 and the Franco–Dutch War (the Treaty of Nijmegen ()),〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', p. 156.〕 as well as the Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 (which ended the Thirty Years War), ceded a number of towns to France. By tradition, when a town changed hands so did the surrounding rural areas, which provided it with food and other such supplies. Often, the borders of these dependent regions were ill-defined. Thus Louis and his court, beginning in 1670, introduced several Chambers of Reunion that would investigate whether France had been granted all the territory it had been owed. The Chambers of Reunion, loyal to the king, ruled after a review of conflicting medieval documents that a number of outlying areas should be awarded to France. These territories generally consisted of small towns and villages, and for the most part Louis's annexations went unopposed.
The territory seized mainly came from the Spanish Netherlands and the western parts of the Holy Roman Empire, especially Alsace. Two of these territories seized by Louis as part of the Reunions were Strasbourg and Luxembourg. Officially, Strasbourg was intended to remain a neutral and independent city. However, this left large rural lands under Louis's control that were unprotected by major garrison towns, because Louis' advisors believed that as long as Strasbourg remained "independent" Alsace would never be secure from attack.〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', p. 164.〕 Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used repeatedly by the Imperial (Holy Roman Empire) forces.〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', pp. 163-164.〕 Three times during the recent Franco-Dutch War Strasbourg had served as a gateway for Imperial invasions into Alsace.〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', p.169.〕 Thus, Strasbourg endangered Louis's newly annexed territories in Alsace, just as the great fortress of Luxembourg dominated the other regions Louis had annexed from the Spanish Netherlands. In 1681 Strasbourg, then a so-called "independent" city in Holy Roman Empire, was annexed after Louis surrounded the city with overwhelming force. Louis marched into the city on 30 September 1681.〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', p. 163.〕 Louis also ordered Marshal Louis-François Boufflers to surround and begin an artillery and mortar barrage of Luxembourg.〔John A. Lynn, ''The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667-1714'', p. 165.〕
The summer of 1683 was the peak of War of the Holy League, in which the eastern flank of the Holy Roman Empire went under the greatest ever offensive by Ottoman Empire.〔Lord Kinross, ''The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire'' (Morrow Quill Paperbacks: New York, 1977) pp. 343-347.〕 This war on the eastern front of the Holy Roman Empire broke the momentum of Louis' confrontation with the Empire over Luxembourg. Louis decided that it would be impolitic for him to attack another Christian kingdom while that kingdom was under attack from the infidel Turk.〔 Accordingly in March 1682, Louis ordered a halt to the bombardment of Luxembourg and withdrew his troops.〔 On 12 September 1683, combined Imperial, German and Polish troops defeated the Turks before the walls of Vienna, ending the Turkish threat.〔Lord Kinross, ''The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire'', p. 347.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「War of the Reunions」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|